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Private pilot · ACS PA.IV.N · Instructor lesson plan

Go-Around/Rejected Landing

Student pack: Train: Go-Around/Rejected Landing · Full lesson: Prepare guide

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1 · Objective

By the end of this lesson your student can explain go-around/rejected landing in their own words, apply it in a realistic situation, and fly it to the ACS standard for PA.IV.N.

Why it matters for safety: Go-arounds themselves can be dangerous: pilots who decide late, add power with full flaps and an untrimmed airplane, or pull flaps up too early have stalled and crashed right after deciding to go around. Practicing an early decision and a smooth sequence makes the go-around a routine, safe choice instead of a last-second scramble.

2 · Assign before the lesson

Pre-work: the free Train pack, Go-Around/Rejected Landing. Decide early, then power, attitude, configure: climb away safely and fly the pattern again.

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Pack: pilotprep.pro/train/ppl/go-around-rejected-landing · Full lesson: pilotprep.pro/prepare/ppl/go-around-rejected-landing

3 · Teach sequence

Key points to land

  • Decide early: an unstable approach, drift, a long float, or traffic or an obstruction on the runway are reasons to go around. Late decisions cause accidents.(Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C), Approaches and Landings)
  • Power first: full power immediately and smoothly, with right rudder.(Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C), Approaches and Landings)
  • Attitude: set only the attitude that stops the descent and lets the airspeed build well above the stall before you climb or turn; with full flaps and power the nose wants to rise sharply, so hold it with forward pressure and trim. Use VX only to clear an obstacle, otherwise VY.(Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C), Approaches and Landings)
  • Configure in two parts: once the descent has stopped, retract the flaps in small steps to the POH takeoff or approach setting; finish configuring only after a positive rate of climb is verified, or as the manufacturer says.(Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C), Approaches and Landings; Private Pilot ACS (FAA-S-ACS-6C), PA.IV.N.S5)
  • Move to the side of the runway when needed to see and avoid traffic below or departing.(Private Pilot ACS (FAA-S-ACS-6C), PA.IV.N.S6)
  • LAHSO: you, the pilot in command, may decline it (and must if safety is in doubt); once accepted you must comply unless it's amended or there's an emergency. If you must go around, keep safe separation from other aircraft and vehicles and tell the tower promptly.(AIM 4-3-11, Pilot Responsibilities When Conducting Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO))
  • Climb at VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.(Private Pilot ACS (FAA-S-ACS-6C), PA.IV.N.S7)

Energy and conditions

  • A go-around trades the approach’s low energy for a climb, so the airplane needs power, a climb attitude and less drag, in that order.(Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C), Approaches and Landings)
  • At high density altitude the engine makes less power and the climb is weaker: decide earlier, and don’t expect normal climb rates.(PHAK (FAA-H-8083-25C), Aircraft Performance)
  • Correct for wind drift on the climb-out as on a takeoff: crab to track the extended centerline, or the side of it you moved to.(Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C), Approaches and Landings)

Deciding and doing it early

  • The most common go-around problem is waiting too long. Know your gate and your reasons before you start the approach. Stabilized means: a constant glidepath (about 3°) to the touchdown zone, on the centerline with small corrections, airspeed within +10/-5 knots of the recommended speed (or 1.3 VSO), configured and trimmed, descending about 500 to 1,000 fpm, appropriate power, checklists done. Not stabilized by 500 feet above the airport in VMC (1,000 in IMC), or unstable below that: go around.(Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C), Approaches and Landings)
  • Other triggers: an ATC instruction, traffic or an obstruction on the runway, and after touchdown a hard bounce, a balloon, porpoising or a long float eating up the runway. Go around at once, don't try to salvage it, and keep directional control with a safe (not steep) climb attitude.(Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C), Approaches and Landings)
  • A go-around near the ground is more difficult and riskier: less height to absorb a mistake or a sink.(Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C), Approaches and Landings)

Power, pitch and configuration

  • Apply full power smoothly but promptly, with the POH power flow: carburetor heat off, mixture rich, propeller full forward where fitted.(Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C), Approaches and Landings)
  • If the airplane is sinking, resist pulling: lower the nose briefly to accelerate and stay off the back side of the power curve, and don't climb out of ground effect too early.(Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C), Approaches and Landings)
  • Full power with full flaps and nose-up trim gives a strong pitch-up: push forward to hold the climb attitude, and re-trim.(Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C), Approaches and Landings)
  • Retract the flaps in increments, starting with partial retraction once the descent has stopped, and the rest at a safe airspeed and altitude. Raising all the flaps at once can make the airplane sink. In a retractable, retract the flaps at least partly before the gear (full flaps cause more drag than the gear, and the gear stays down in case you touch the runway again); raise the gear only with a verified positive climb and when you'll stay airborne. Then the after-go-around checklist, once climbing and under control.(Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C), Approaches and Landings; Private Pilot ACS (FAA-S-ACS-6C), PA.IV.N.S1)

Traffic, the runway and LAHSO

  • Move to the side of the runway, as the traffic or the tower requires, so you can see traffic on or departing the runway.(Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C), Approaches and Landings)
  • Tell the tower or traffic you’re going around, and follow any instruction. Stay clear of crossing runways and taxiways.(AIM, Chapter 4 (airport operations))
  • If you accepted a LAHSO clearance and go around, maintain safe separation from the traffic on the intersecting runway and notify the tower promptly.(AIM 4-3-11, Pilot Responsibilities When Conducting Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO))

Low and busy

  • Low altitude, high power, full flaps and changing pitch: the setup for a stall, or for a turn too early into obstacles. Climb straight ahead to a safe altitude before turning, unless ATC instructs otherwise or you need to move to the side to avoid conflicting traffic; don't turn early or offset into traffic or obstacles on the side you choose.(Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C), Approaches and Landings; Private Pilot ACS (FAA-S-ACS-6C), PA.IV.N.S6)
  • A go-around is busy. Fly the airplane first: power, attitude, configuration; leave the radio, the passengers and the re-entry plan until the climb is established.(Risk Management Handbook (FAA-H-8083-2A))
  • Watch for every collision hazard, not just runway traffic: terrain, obstructions, wires, vehicles, vessels, people and wildlife. With an occupied or crossing runway, use the incursion procedures (sidestep as needed) and tell ATC.(AC 90-48, Pilots' Role in Collision Avoidance; Private Pilot ACS (FAA-S-ACS-6C), PA.IV.N.R5, R8)

Watch for in the airplane: Your instructor watches whether you decide promptly, add power before pitching up, control the pitch-up with full flaps, retract flaps in steps after the descent stops, move aside for traffic, and keep the airplane coordinated.

4 · Ask your student

In order: recall, then understanding, then applying it. Move up only when the answer shows it.

  1. Recall · What are the three steps of a go-around?

    A strong answer: Power, attitude, configure: full power, pitch for the climb, then clean up flaps in steps.

  2. Understand · Why retract the flaps in steps?

    A strong answer: Raising them all at once removes lift suddenly, and the airplane can sink or stall when it’s still low and slow.

  3. Apply · You flare and float halfway down a short runway. What do you do?

    A strong answer: Go around now: full power, climb attitude, flaps in steps, VY. Landing long on a short runway risks an overrun.

Scenarios to talk through

  • On short final, an airplane taxis onto the runway in front of you. What do you do?

    Sound decision: Go around immediately, move to the side of the runway so you can see it, and tell the tower or traffic.

  • You add full power with full flaps and the nose pitches up sharply. What do you do?

    Sound decision: Push forward to hold the climb attitude, keep right rudder, re-trim, and only then retract the flaps in steps.

  • You accepted a LAHSO clearance and now need to go around before the intersecting runway. What do you do?

    Sound decision: Go around, keep clear of the traffic on the intersecting runway, and tell the tower right away.

5 · Common student errors

  • Deciding late.

    Why it matters: A low, late go-around leaves no margin.

    How to correct it: Set a stabilized-by point and go around as soon as the approach isn’t right.

  • Pitching up before adding power.

    Why it matters: At low speed, pitching up without power can cause a stall.

    How to correct it: Power first, then attitude.

  • Dumping all the flaps.

    Why it matters: The sudden loss of lift can make the airplane sink.

    How to correct it: Retract in steps after the descent stops.

6 · Completion standard

  • Apply takeoff power and pitch for VX or VY, as appropriate, +10/-5 knots.
  • Climb at VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude, with directional control and wind correction.
  • Your student answers each "Ask your student" question in their own words, up to the Apply level, without prompting.
  • They talk through the scenarios and reach a safe, legal decision, explaining why.
  • They complete the pack’s quick check and can say what they flagged.

Area trained? Close out with a practice oral focused on PA.IV.N: pilotprep.pro/exam?exam=PPL&focus=PA.IV.N

7 · References

  • Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C), Takeoffs and Departure Climbs; Approaches and Landings
  • Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (FAA-H-8083-25C), Aircraft Performance; Aerodynamics of Flight
  • Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM), Chapter 4 (airport operations, LAHSO) and Chapter 7 (wake turbulence)
  • AC 91-73, Single Pilot Procedures During Taxi Operations
  • Private Pilot ACS (FAA-S-ACS-6C), Area IV
  • Your airplane's POH/AFM, normal procedures, performance charts and speeds
  • Airman Certification Standards, task PA.IV.N

PilotPrep instructor lesson plan, from the Go-Around/Rejected Landing lesson (checked against current FAA sources 2026-11-12). A study and teaching aid, not FAA guidance; teach to your own judgment and the current ACS.